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Year 12 Science sample

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Question 1 of 5 Observing and measuring

A drain empties into a river between two monitoring points. On one morning a field team recorded the flow and the conductivity of the river above the drain, of the drain itself, and of the river below the junction. How much higher is the reading below the junction than the water arriving from those two places can account for?

Flow and conductivity on one morning
Point on the riverFlow (ML per day)EC (uS/cm)
River above the drain100250
The drain251700
River below the junction125605
Question 2 of 5 Life and living

Rangers netted perch in a farm dam, marked every fish and released them, then netted again a fortnight later and counted how many of that second catch already carried a mark. The same survey was repeated years later. What has happened to the estimated number of perch in the dam?

Two netting surveys on the same dam
SurveyMarked and releasedFish in second netMarked in that net
Earlier survey16013617
Later survey16011419
Question 3 of 5 Earth and beyond

Snow falling on this ice sheet today has an oxygen-18 value of -35.0 per mil. Work by the same team shows that in this core every 1.0 per mil fall in oxygen-18 stands for 1.6 degrees of cooling. How much colder than today was the coldest of the four layers?

Four layers sampled down one ice core
Depth (m)Age (thousand years)Oxygen-18 (per mil)
93012-39.5
143029-38.0
193046-37.0
243063-36.0
Question 4 of 5 Interpreting

Catalase from potato was set to work on hydrogen peroxide at five temperatures and the oxygen given off in the first minute was measured each time. Between 20 and 40 degrees the reading doubles for every 10 degree rise. If the run at 50 degrees had held to that same pattern, how far below it did the measurement fall?

Oxygen given off in the first minute1022344658700510152025303540Temperature (degrees)Oxygen in 60 seconds (mL)10 degree steps acrossmL up the sideThe first three readings behave one way and the last two do not.
Question 5 of 5 Energy and change

A spirit burner was weighed, lit under a can of water, and weighed again once the water had warmed through. It had lost 2 g of fuel. Water takes 4.2 joules to warm each gram by one degree. If the same share of the burner energy reaches the water next time, what mass of fuel is needed to warm the same water by 45 degrees?

What the first burn was measured to do
MeasurementValue
Water in the can (g)250
Temperature rise (degrees)25
Fuel burnt (g)2
Water heat capacity (J per g per degree)4.2
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