VCE Chemistry Practice Platform

VCAA Study Design 2023-2027 | Units 1-4

Interactive Periodic Table of Elements

All 118 elements — click any element for full details, electron shell diagram, and practice links

The Periodic Table: A Map of Every Element

The periodic table organises all 118 known chemical elements by increasing atomic number. Elements in the same vertical group share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. The table is divided into four blocks — s, p, d, and f — based on the orbital being filled by the highest-energy electron.

Use the interactive table below to explore each element's atomic structure, electron configuration, electronegativity, ionisation energy, atomic radius, density, melting and boiling points, and real-world applications. Colour-code the table by element category, block, physical state at any temperature, or property gradients to visualise periodic trends.

Complete Element Reference Table

Z Symbol Element Mass (u) Category Block Config EN IE₁ (kJ/mol) Radius (pm) MP (°C) BP (°C)
1 H Hydrogen 1.008 Nonmetal s 1s¹ 2.2 1312 53 -259.16 -252.87
2 He Helium 4.003 Noble Gas s 1s² — 2372 31 -272.2 -268.93
3 Li Lithium 6.941 Alkali Metal s [He] 2s¹ 0.98 520 152 180.54 1342
4 Be Beryllium 9.012 Alkaline Earth s [He] 2s² 1.57 900 112 1287 2470
5 B Boron 10.81 Metalloid p [He] 2s² 2p¹ 2.04 801 87 2077 4000
6 C Carbon 12.011 Nonmetal p [He] 2s² 2p² 2.55 1086 77 3550 4027
7 N Nitrogen 14.007 Nonmetal p [He] 2s² 2p³ 3.04 1402 75 -210 -195.79
8 O Oxygen 15.999 Nonmetal p [He] 2s² 2p⁴ 3.44 1314 73 -218.79 -182.96
9 F Fluorine 18.998 Halogen p [He] 2s² 2p⁵ 3.98 1681 64 -219.67 -188.12
10 Ne Neon 20.18 Noble Gas p [He] 2s² 2p⁶ — 2081 38 -248.59 -246.08
11 Na Sodium 22.99 Alkali Metal s [Ne] 3s¹ 0.93 496 186 97.72 883
12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 Alkaline Earth s [Ne] 3s² 1.31 738 160 650 1091
13 Al Aluminium 26.982 Post Transition p [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ 1.61 577 143 660.32 2519
14 Si Silicon 28.086 Metalloid p [Ne] 3s² 3p² 1.9 786 117 1414 3265
15 P Phosphorus 30.974 Nonmetal p [Ne] 3s² 3p³ 2.19 1012 110 44.15 280.5
16 S Sulfur 32.065 Nonmetal p [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴ 2.58 1000 104 115.21 444.6
17 Cl Chlorine 35.453 Halogen p [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ 3.16 1251 99 -101.5 -34.04
18 Ar Argon 39.948 Noble Gas p [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶ — 1521 71 -189.34 -185.85
19 K Potassium 39.098 Alkali Metal s [Ar] 4s¹ 0.82 419 227 63.38 759
20 Ca Calcium 40.078 Alkaline Earth s [Ar] 4s² 1 590 197 842 1484
21 Sc Scandium 44.956 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² 1.36 633 162 1541 2836
22 Ti Titanium 47.867 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d² 4s² 1.54 659 147 1668 3287
23 V Vanadium 50.942 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d³ 4s² 1.63 651 134 1910 3407
24 Cr Chromium 51.996 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ 1.66 653 128 1907 2671
25 Mn Manganese 54.938 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² 1.55 717 127 1246 2061
26 Fe Iron 55.845 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d⁶ 4s² 1.83 762 126 1538 2862
27 Co Cobalt 58.933 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d⁷ 4s² 1.88 760 125 1495 2927
28 Ni Nickel 58.693 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² 1.91 737 124 1455 2913
29 Cu Copper 63.546 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ 1.9 745 128 1085 2562
30 Zn Zinc 65.38 Transition Metal d [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 1.65 906 134 419.53 907
31 Ga Gallium 69.723 Post Transition p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ 1.81 579 135 29.76 2204
32 Ge Germanium 72.64 Metalloid p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² 2.01 762 122 938.25 2833
33 As Arsenic 74.922 Metalloid p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³ 2.18 947 119 817 614
34 Se Selenium 78.96 Nonmetal p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴ 2.55 941 120 221 685
35 Br Bromine 79.904 Halogen p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ 2.96 1140 114 -7.2 58.8
36 Kr Krypton 83.798 Noble Gas p [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 3 1351 88 -157.36 -153.22
37 Rb Rubidium 85.468 Alkali Metal s [Kr] 5s¹ 0.82 403 248 39.31 688
38 Sr Strontium 87.62 Alkaline Earth s [Kr] 5s² 0.95 549 215 777 1382
39 Y Yttrium 88.906 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² 1.22 600 180 1526 3336
40 Zr Zirconium 91.224 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d² 5s² 1.33 640 160 1855 4409
41 Nb Niobium 92.906 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ 1.6 652 146 2477 4744
42 Mo Molybdenum 95.96 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ 2.16 684 139 2623 4639
43 Tc Technetium 98 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s² 1.9 702 136 2157 4265
44 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d⁷ 5s¹ 2.2 710 134 2334 4150
45 Rh Rhodium 102.91 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹ 2.28 720 134 1964 3695
46 Pd Palladium 106.42 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 2.2 804 137 1555 2963
47 Ag Silver 107.87 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s¹ 1.93 731 144 961.78 2162
48 Cd Cadmium 112.41 Transition Metal d [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 1.69 868 151 321.07 767
49 In Indium 114.82 Post Transition p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹ 1.78 558 167 156.6 2072
50 Sn Tin 118.71 Post Transition p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p² 1.96 709 140 231.93 2602
51 Sb Antimony 121.76 Metalloid p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p³ 2.05 834 140 630.63 1587
52 Te Tellurium 127.6 Metalloid p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁴ 2.1 869 138 449.51 988
53 I Iodine 126.9 Halogen p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁵ 2.66 1008 133 113.7 184.3
54 Xe Xenon 131.29 Noble Gas p [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 2.6 1170 108 -111.75 -108.1
55 Cs Caesium 132.91 Alkali Metal s [Xe] 6s¹ 0.79 376 265 28.44 671
56 Ba Barium 137.33 Alkaline Earth s [Xe] 6s² 0.89 503 222 727 1845
57 La Lanthanum 138.91 Lanthanide f [Xe] 5d¹ 6s² 1.1 538 187 920 3464
58 Ce Cerium 140.12 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² 1.12 534 182 799 3443
59 Pr Praseodymium 140.91 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f³ 6s² 1.13 527 182 931 3520
60 Nd Neodymium 144.24 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁴ 6s² 1.14 533 181 1024 3074
61 Pm Promethium 145 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁵ 6s² 1.13 540 183 1042 3000
62 Sm Samarium 150.36 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁶ 6s² 1.17 545 180 1072 1794
63 Eu Europium 151.96 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁷ 6s² 1.2 547 180 822 1529
64 Gd Gadolinium 157.25 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² 1.2 593 180 1313 3273
65 Tb Terbium 158.93 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f⁹ 6s² 1.2 566 177 1356 3230
66 Dy Dysprosium 162.5 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹⁰ 6s² 1.22 573 178 1412 2567
67 Ho Holmium 164.93 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹¹ 6s² 1.23 581 176 1474 2700
68 Er Erbium 167.26 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹² 6s² 1.24 589 176 1529 2868
69 Tm Thulium 168.93 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹³ 6s² 1.25 597 176 1545 1950
70 Yb Ytterbium 173.05 Lanthanide f [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s² 1.1 603 176 819 1196
71 Lu Lutetium 174.97 Lanthanide d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s² 1.27 524 174 1663 3402
72 Hf Hafnium 178.49 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² 1.3 659 159 2233 4603
73 Ta Tantalum 180.95 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d³ 6s² 1.5 761 146 3017 5458
74 W Tungsten 183.84 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴ 6s² 2.36 770 139 3422 5555
75 Re Rhenium 186.21 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s² 1.9 760 137 3186 5596
76 Os Osmium 190.23 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶ 6s² 2.2 840 135 3033 5012
77 Ir Iridium 192.22 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s² 2.2 880 136 2466 4428
78 Pt Platinum 195.08 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹ 6s¹ 2.28 870 139 1768 3825
79 Au Gold 196.97 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹ 2.54 890 144 1064 2856
80 Hg Mercury 200.59 Transition Metal d [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 2 1007 151 -38.83 356.73
81 Tl Thallium 204.38 Post Transition p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ 1.62 589 170 304 1473
82 Pb Lead 207.2 Post Transition p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p² 2.33 716 175 327.46 1749
83 Bi Bismuth 208.98 Post Transition p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ 2.02 703 156 271.4 1564
84 Po Polonium 209 Post Transition p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁴ 2 812 167 254 962
85 At Astatine 210 Halogen p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁵ 2.2 920 140 302 337
86 Rn Radon 222 Noble Gas p [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶ — 1037 150 -71 -61.7
87 Fr Francium 223 Alkali Metal s [Rn] 7s¹ 0.7 380 270 27 677
88 Ra Radium 226 Alkaline Earth s [Rn] 7s² 0.9 509 220 700 1737
89 Ac Actinium 227 Actinide f [Rn] 6d¹ 7s² 1.1 499 195 1050 3198
90 Th Thorium 232.04 Actinide f [Rn] 6d² 7s² 1.3 587 180 1750 4788
91 Pa Protactinium 231.04 Actinide f [Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s² 1.5 568 180 1572 4000
92 U Uranium 238.03 Actinide f [Rn] 5f³ 6d¹ 7s² 1.38 598 175 1135 4131
93 Np Neptunium 237 Actinide f [Rn] 5f⁴ 6d¹ 7s² 1.36 605 175 644 3902
94 Pu Plutonium 244 Actinide f [Rn] 5f⁶ 7s² 1.28 585 175 640 3228
95 Am Americium 243 Actinide f [Rn] 5f⁷ 7s² 1.3 578 175 1176 2011
96 Cm Curium 247 Actinide f [Rn] 5f⁷ 6d¹ 7s² 1.3 581 175 1345 3110
97 Bk Berkelium 247 Actinide f [Rn] 5f⁹ 7s² 1.3 601 175 1050 2627
98 Cf Californium 251 Actinide f [Rn] 5f¹⁰ 7s² 1.3 608 175 900 1472
99 Es Einsteinium 252 Actinide f [Rn] 5f¹¹ 7s² 1.3 619 175 860 996
100 Fm Fermium 257 Actinide f [Rn] 5f¹² 7s² 1.3 627 175 1527 0
101 Md Mendelevium 258 Actinide f [Rn] 5f¹³ 7s² 1.3 635 175 827 0
102 No Nobelium 259 Actinide f [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 1.3 642 175 827 0
103 Lr Lawrencium 266 Actinide d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹ 1.3 470 175 1627 0
104 Rf Rutherfordium 267 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d² 7s² — 580 150 2100 5500
105 Db Dubnium 268 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d³ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
106 Sg Seaborgium 269 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
107 Bh Bohrium 270 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
108 Hs Hassium 277 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
109 Mt Meitnerium 278 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
110 Ds Darmstadtium 281 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
111 Rg Roentgenium 282 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
112 Cn Copernicium 285 Transition Metal d [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² — 0 150 0 0
113 Nh Nihonium 286 Post Transition p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p¹ — 0 150 0 0
114 Fl Flerovium 289 Post Transition p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p² — 0 150 0 0
115 Mc Moscovium 290 Post Transition p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p³ — 0 150 0 0
116 Lv Livermorium 293 Post Transition p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁴ — 0 150 0 0
117 Ts Tennessine 294 Halogen p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁵ — 0 150 0 0
118 Og Oganesson 294 Noble Gas p [Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7s² 7p⁶ — 0 150 0 0

Frequently Asked Questions

The modern periodic table contains 118 confirmed elements, ranging from Hydrogen (Z=1) to Oganesson (Z=118). Elements 1-94 occur naturally, while elements 95-118 are synthetic.
Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number into 7 periods (rows) and 18 groups (columns). Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons.
Elements are classified as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, post-transition metals, metalloids, nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides. Metals make up roughly 75% of all elements.
The four blocks are s-block (groups 1-2, filling s orbitals), p-block (groups 13-18, filling p orbitals), d-block (groups 3-12, filling d orbitals), and f-block (lanthanides and actinides, filling f orbitals).
Electronegativity measures an atom's ability to attract bonding electrons. It generally increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group. Fluorine has the highest electronegativity (3.98) of all elements.
First ionisation energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from a gaseous atom. It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group. Helium has the highest first ionisation energy (2372 kJ/mol).
Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. It decreases across a period (more protons pulling electrons closer) and increases down a group (additional electron shells).
Periods are the 7 horizontal rows, representing the number of electron shells. Groups are the 18 vertical columns, representing elements with the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical behaviour.