To the point guide to PL/SQL

PL/SQL Operators are special symbols which are used to perform particular operation on operands.

Operators Types:

Arithmetic operators

+ : The operator used for addition. 2+3 = 5.
- : The operator used for subtraction. 3 -2 = 1.
* : The operator used for Multiplication.
/ : The operator used for division. 10/5=2.
** : The exponentiation operator. 10**5 = 100,000

SQL> BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(2 + 2);   --addition 
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(11 - 8);  --subtraction
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(4 * 4);   --multiplication
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(10 / 5);  --division
  END;
  /
4
3
16
2

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>

Logical operators

and: If both the operands are true then returns true or else returns false.

or: If any one operand is true then returns true or else returns false.

not: If a condition is true then returns false

Example:

DECLARE
   x boolean := true;
   y boolean := true;
   z Boolean := false;
BEGIN
   IF (x AND y) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('AND case condition met');
   END IF;
IF (x OR z) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('OR case condition met');
   END IF;
END;
/

Result:

AND case condition met
OR case condition met

Comparison operators

These operators are used to compare one expression with another and returns Boolean result.

= : The equality operator used to verifies two operands are equal or not if equals returns true.
<>,! =, ~=: The inequality operator used to verify two operands are equal or not if not equals returns true.
< : The less than operator verifies if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand if equals returns true.
> : The greater than operator verifies if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand if equals returns true.
<=: The less than or equal to operator verifies if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand.
>=: The greater than or equal to operator verifies if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand.

Special Comparison Operators:

LIKE: is used for pattern match.
BETWEEN: is used for range of values deals with two values only.
IN: verifies if a value is present within a specified list of values.
IS NULL: verifies if a value is null

Example:

DECLARE
   x number (2) := 1;
   y number (2) := 12;

BEGIN
   IF (x < y) then
      dbms_output.put_line('x is less than b!!!');
   ELSE
      dbms_output.put_line('x is not less than b!!!');
   END IF;
IF (y between 11 and 15) THEN
      dbms_output.put_line('True');
   ELSE
      dbms_output.put_line('False');
   END IF;
BEGIN
   compare('suman', 's');
  END;
/

Result:

x is less than b!!!
True

This was our introduction to PL/SQL operators, in next part we will learn using conditional statements.